QUESTION 1

1. You see a mother with a baby that will not stop crying. She seems flustered and impatient and is not doing much to try and calm the baby down. What is the most likely relationship between the mother’s behavior and the baby’s behavior?

The baby may be difficult to soothe, which makes the mother frustrated and less able to soothe the baby effectively.

The mother’s lack of ability to soothe the baby has made the baby fussy.

The baby’s fussiness is causing the baby to cry so much. It has nothing to do with the mother’s behavior.

The baby’s crying and the mother’s inability to soothe the baby are probably both caused by the mother and baby being overtired.

Your cousin is the parent of a teenager and he is frustrated! His teenage son used to always come home before his 8pm curfew but has recently been coming home late. What should you suggest your cousin do?

He should punish his son harshly for violating the curfew so he maintains his authority.

He should eliminate the curfew entirely because his son is old enough to be independent.

He should make his son’s curfew 7pm because clearly his son is not responsible enough to have an 8pm curfew.

He should discuss the curfew with his son and see if they can agree on a slightly later curfew that the son will promise to stick to.

QUESTION 3

1. Why does the image-making stage begin before the child is born?

Pregnancy limits prospective parents’ freedom, changing their lives even before the child is born.

People in the image-making stage begin important preparations such as getting the child’s nursery ready.

Most people consider themselves to be parents even before the child is born.

Even before the child is born, people begin thinking about what type of parents they plan to be.

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. You are in a grocery store and see a three-year-old running around, throwing vegetables, and screaming. According to Galinsky’s stage theory of parenting, what has the child’s parent likely done wrong?

The parent has not provided the child with rules and consequences of breaking the rule.

The parent has not provided the child with enough nurturing and love.

The parent has not provided the child with enough opportunities for independence.

The parent has not explained to the child the expectations for appropriate behavior in public.

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. Why does it seem like some babies are born easy (they are calm and barely cry) and other babies are born difficult (cry a lot and easily and are difficult to soothe)?

Babies are not actually easy or difficult. Babies’ behavior is almost entirely determined by how effectively they are parented.

Babies are born with different temperaments. Some babies are born fussier than other babies.

All babies are born easy but babies who are spoiled by parents responding to them every time they cry become difficult over time.

All babies are born fussy but babies whose parents consistently soothe them every time they cry will become less fussy over time.

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. What is the focus of Galinsky’s stage theory of parenting?

the main tasks and goals that parents face at each age of their child

the ways in which parenting can go well or poorly at each age of their child

the importance of strict discipline versus flexible understanding at each age of their child

the changes in the parent’s self-image as their child grows and changes

1 points

QUESTION 7

1. Imagine that you are the parent of a 6-year-old. He comes home from school one day and asks you, “Why does my friend Lexy have two mommies?” What is your child asking you to do?

He is asking you to help him understand how the world works.

He asking you to explain how it is biologically possible for two women to have a baby.

He is asking you to help him begin to think less egocentrically and realize that not all families are like his own.

He is asking you to reassure him that your family will remain intact.

1 points

QUESTION 8

1. Who are parents the most likely to ask to mow the lawn?

their strongest child

their youngest child

their oldest child

their son

1 points

QUESTION 9

1. What period of time do Galinsky’s parenting stages cover?

from the birth of the child to when the child graduates from high school

from when the parents are 20 to when they are 50

from pregnancy to early adulthood

from when the parents are 25 to when they are 55

1 points

QUESTION 10

1. Your best friend is pregnant and not married (she lives in the USA). Another friend of yours, when he hears about it, says, “Oh no! People will judge her negatively because it is highly unusual for women to have children out of wedlock.” How would you respond?

“You’re right! Only 5% of women in the US who have babies are not married so she probably will seem strange.”

“That’s not true! Starting in 1960 in the US, lots of women have had babies without being married.”

“It may seem a little strange but 1 in 4 women in the US who have a baby now are not married so it’s not super weird.”

“Don’t worry! By 2012 41% of births were to women who were not married. So it’s not that unusual.”

1 points

QUESTION 11

1. Why should people who value good parenting worry when many nations in the world face lasting economic recessions?

When people face economic hardship, they are less likely to have children at all.

When people face economic hardship, they tend to have more children, which makes providing for those children and parenting them effectively more difficult.

When people face economic hardship they cannot afford to hire nannies and babysitters or their children or send them to boarding school and must parent their children themselves, sometimes ineffectively.

Economic hardship has been shown to have a negative impact on parenting skills.

1 points

QUESTION 12

1. Which of the following examples accurately describes a parent going through Galinksy’s departure stage?

Aino gives her 5-year-old son a big kiss and a hug and then drops him off for his first day of kindergarten.

Alex convinces his son to live at home and attend a Junior College rather than going away to college.

Now that their son is away at college, Aino and Alex go on long walks together every morning.

Alex and Aino give their 13-year-old son a big hug before putting him on an airplane to visit his grandparents in Finland.

1 points

QUESTION 13

1. What do parents in Galinsky’s interpretive stage primarily do for their children?

Parents help their children develop independence.

Parents help their children understand their experiences in the outside world.

Parents provide their children nurturing and warmth.

Parents provide their children structure, discipline, and consequences.

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. Your best friend is due to have a baby in one month. According to Galinsky’s stage theory, which would be the most sensible question to ask her?

“Do you have the baby’s nursery ready?”

“What kind of parent do you think you will be?”

“What fun things do you want to do now before you become a parent and can’t do them anymore?”

“What do you want to eat for lunch today?”

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. How has the average number of children that women have in the United States changed since the early 1900s?

Women had, on average, 7 children in the early 1900s. That number has declined steadily since then and women in the early 2000s had an average of about 2 children.

Women had, on average, 7 children in the early 1900s. However, beginning in the 1970s women have an average of about 2 children.

Women had, on average, 5 children in the 1900s. That number has declined steadily since then and women in the early 2000s had an average of about 2 children.

Women had, on average, 5 children in the early 1900s. However, beginning in the 1970s women have an average of about 2 children.

1 points

QUESTION 16

1. In some cultures, parents are considered the ultimate authority and are to be obeyed and respected without question. What problem might people from these cultures have with Galinsky’s interdependent stage?

They might disagree with the idea that it is important for parents and teenagers to share power and decision-making.

They might disagree with the idea that teenagers should have complete autonomy in their decision making.

They might disagree with the idea that parents should encourage their children to ask questions about the world.

They might disagree with the idea that children should be nurtured to encourage an attachment bond to form.

1 points

QUESTION 17

1. At what age do parents usually begin to punish their children and why?

At one year old because it is important to keep children safe once they begin walking.

At 4 years old to prepare them to begin school.

At 7 years old when children are fully aware of the consequences of their actions and why they are being punished.

At 2 years old because this is when children are old enough to begin understanding rules and consequences.

1 points

QUESTION 18

1. Your best friend has a new baby. How can you best help her (according to Galinsky’s stage theory of parenting)?

Encourage her to do the things she did before she got pregnant so she doesn’t feel like she has lost her identity.

Encourage her to take time to herself, away from her baby, so she can relax and rest.

Explain to her that her baby can pretty much take care of itself so she doesn’t need to monitor it closely at every moment.

Listen to her talk about the challenges of parenting an infant and how it has changed the way she thinks about herself.

1 points

QUESTION 19

1. Why does it make sense for parental leave (i.e., time off for parents to care for children) to occur right after a baby is born rather than once a child is older?

Once children are toddlers, they need to develop independence from their parents.

Infants need rules and structure to guide their behavior.

Infants are completely dependent on caregiving and infancy is when parents become attached to their children.

It does not make sense. Infants will likely not remember their experiences during infancy.

1 points

QUESTION 20

1. What can Galinsky’s stages teach people about how to be good parents?

It is important to change based on the age of the child.

It is important to be consistent.

It is important to be warm and nurturing.

It is important to allow the child to be independent.

1 points