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NSG120 Week2 Basic Diagnostic Test Grid

NSG120 Week2 Basic Diagnostic Test Grid

Name of Test Test Type Normal Adult Findings Indications for Test Interfering Factors & Contraindications Definition & Clinical Significance of Findings
RBC
Red blood cells A normal RBC IS a biconcave disk which provides more surface area to carry oxygen. It is flexible so it can pass easily through capillaries. The membrane is so thin that gases such as O2 and Co2 can easily diffuse across it.
_________________________________________
Significance of Findings:
Hgb
Hemoglobin Pregnancy, smoking, high altitudes, certain medications Hemoglobin is synthesized in the RBC and this is dependent on the amount of iron available. When the RBC is being manufactured in the marrow it incorporates the iron to form hemoglobin.
Significance of Findings:
Hct
Hematocrit Anemia
Bleeding
Bleeding disorder
Fluid imbalances Abnormalities in RBC size may alter Hct values.
Dehydration
Pregnancy
Women tend to have lower values than men. Percent of RBC’s to volume of whole blood, hemoglobin concentration is usually 1/3 of the hematocrit
__________________________________________
Significance of Findings:
(+) heart disease, dehydration, COPD, erythrocytosis, polycythemia
(-) anemia, cirrhosis, hemorrhage, dietary deficiency
Name of Test Test Type Normal Adult Findings Indications for Test Interfering Factors & Contraindications Definition & Clinical Significance of Findings
WBC c diff.
White blood cells
(see below) BLOOD 5000-1000 Routine labs, infection
Neoplasm, allergy,
Immunosuppression These cells respond to acute inflammation, bacterial infections and necrosis, they are the first responders to a bacterial infection.
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) – % segs + % bands x total WBC.
· Neutropenia = ANC less than 1000
______________________________________
Significance of Findings:
Higher WBC count may indicate infection, leukemia, trauma to tissue.
Lower WBC count may indicate bone marrow depression, viral infection, bone marrow disorders & iron def. anemia.
Neutrophils BLOOD 2500-8000 Routine labs, infection
Neoplasm, allergy,
Immunosuppression 60-70% of total # of WBC’S they are the first to arrive to the site of need. Primary job is phagocytosis (ingestion and digestion of bacteria and particles)
__________________________________________
Significance of Findings:
Lymphocytes BLOOD Routine labs, infection
Neoplasm, allergy,
Immunosuppression Nongranular WBC’S- they include- B cells – antibody formation & production, T cells – Cell mediated immunity process. Killer cells, suppressor cells, and helper cells
Significance of Findings:
Name of Test Test Type Normal Adult Findings Indications for Test Interfering Factors & Contraindications Definition & Clinical Significance of Findings
Monocytes BLOOD Routine labs, infection
Neoplasm, allergy,
Immunosuppression Nongranular WBC’S – Chronic inflammation -second to arrive on the scene regarding infection and increase in number within 24- 48 hours.
Monocytes mature into macrophages in the tissues. Macrophages can surround and wall-off area of inflammation as seen in TB. __________________________________________
Significance of Findings:
Eosinophils BLOOD Routine labs, infection
Neoplasm, allergy,
Immunosuppression Respond to allergies and parasites.
Primarily attracted to the site of antigen- antibody formation, rather than to bacterial invasions. Increase drastically during hypersentivity responses and parasite infestation.
___________________________________________
Significance of Findings:
Basophils BLOOD Routine labs, infection
Neoplasm, allergy,
Immunosuppression Basophils become mast cells in the tissues less than 1% of WBC
Respond to allergies, anaphylaxis and inflammation & contain histamine, heparin and serotonin
Significance of Findings:

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