Chapter 14 PowerPoint audio
Training for Sport
Chapter 14
1
Training for Sport: Introduction
Positive stress: training that causes improvements in exercise performance
Major training adaptations in 6 to 10 weeks
Depends on volume and intensity of training
Quantity training versus quality training
Rate of adaptation genetically limited
Too much versus just right varies
Too much training ? ? performance and ? injury
(continued)
2
Training for Sport: Introduction (continued)
Must balance volume and intensity
Must include rest
Correct balance enhances performance
Overtraining ? performance decrements
Chronic fatigue, illness
Overuse injury, overtraining syndrome
3
Optimizing Training: A Model
Must include progressive overload
Progressively ? stimulus as body continually adapts
Stimulates continuous improvements
Undertraining: insufficient stimulus
Adaptations not fully realized
Optimal performance not achieved
Acute overload: average training load
4
Overreaching
Systematic attempt in overstressing body for short period of training
Allows body to adapt to stronger stimulus
Not same as excessive training
Caution: easy to cross into overtraining
Short performance decrement followed by improved performance and function
5
Excessive Training
Volume and/or intensity to an extreme
For years, many athletes undertrained
As intensity/volume ?, so did performance
More is better is not true after a point
Example: swim training 3 to 4 h / day no better than 1 to 1.5 h / day
Can lead to ? strength, sprint performance
(continued)
6
Excessive Training (continued)
Training volume should be sport specific
Value of high-volume training questionable
In some sports, half the volume may maintain benefits and ? risk
Low intensity, high volume inappropriate for sprint-type performance
(continued)
7
Excessive Training (continued)
Intensity and volume inversely related
If volume ?, intensity should ?
If intensity ?, volume should ?
Different emphasis ? different fitness results
Applies to resistance, anaerobic, and aerobic training
? Intensity + ? volume ? negative effects
8
Periodization of Training
Traditional periodization programs divide into cycles that range from multi-year to micro-cycles that last a few days
Best for athletes who focus on one competition
Not optimal for team sports or sports that require skill development
Block periodization gaining popularity as it allows focus on a few skills/attributes, 3-4 blocks that last 2-4 weeks
9
Overtraining
Unexplained ? in performance, function for weeks, months, or years
Cannot be remedied by short-term ? training, rest
Putative psychological and physiological causes
Can occur with all forms of training: resistance, anaerobic, aerobic
Not all fatigue product of overtraining
10
Overtraining Syndrome
Highly individualized, subjective
Symptoms
? Strength, coordination, capacity
Fatigue
Change in appetite, weight loss
Sleep and mood disturbances
Lack of motivation, vigor, and/or concentration
Depression
(continued)
11
Overtraining Syndrome (continued)
Can be intensity or volume related
Psychological factors
Emotional pressure of competition ? stress
Parallels with clinical depression
Physiological factors
Autonomic, endocrine, and immune factors
Not a clear cause-and-effect relationship but significant parallels
12
Overtraining Syndrome: Sympathetic Nervous System
Increased BP
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Sleep and emotional disturbances
Increased basal metabolic rate
13
Overtraining Syndrome: Parasympathetic Nervous System
Early fatigue
Decreased resting HR
Decreased resting BP
Rapid heart rate recovery
More common with endurance athletes
14
Overtraining Syndrome: Predicting
Causes unknown, diagnostics difficult
Threshold different for each athlete
Most coaches and trainers use (unreliable) intuition
No preliminary warning symptoms
Coaches do not realize until too late
Recovery takes days/weeks/months of rest
Biological markers have limited effectiveness
15
Overtraining Syndrome
Treatment
Reduced intensity or rest (weeks, months)
Counseling to deal with stress
Prevention
Periodization training
Adequate caloric (especially carbohydrate) intake
16
Figure 14.1
17
Tapering for Peak Performance
Tapering = reduction in training volume/intensity
Prior to major competition (recovery, healing)
4 to 28 days (or longer)
Most appropriate for infrequent competition
Results in increased muscular strength
May be associated with contractile mechanisms
Muscles repair, glycogen reserves replenished
(continued)
18
Tapering for Peak Performance (continued)
Does not result in deconditioning
Considerable training to reach VO2max
Can reduce training by 60% and maintain VO2max
Leads to improved performance
3% improved race time
18 to 25% improved arm strength, power
Effects unknown on team sports, marathons
19
Detraining
Loss of training-induced adaptations
Can be partial or complete
Due to training reduction or cessation
Much more substantial change than tapering
Brief period = tapering
Longer period = detraining
(continued)
20
Detraining (continued)
Immobilization
Immediate loss of muscle mass, strength, power
Training cessation
Rate of strength and power loss varies
Causes
Atrophy (immobilization)
Reduced ability to recruit muscle fibers
Altered rates of protein synthesis versus degradation
Low-level exercise mitigates loss
(continued)
21
Detraining (continued)
Muscle endurance ? quickly
Change seen after 2 weeks of inactivity
Not clear whether the result of muscle or cardiovascular changes
Oxidative enzyme activity ? by 40 to 60%
(continued)
22
Detraining (continued)
Muscle glycogen stores ? by 40%
Significant acidbase imbalance; exercise test once weekly during detraining showed
Blood lactate accumulation ?
Bicarbonate ?
pH ?
(continued)
23
Detraining (continued)
Significant cardiorespiratory losses
Based on bed rest studies
Significant ? submaximal HR
25% ? submaximal stroke volume (due to ? plasma volume)
25% ? maximal cardiac output
27% ? VO2max
Trained athletes lose VO2max faster with detraining, regain it slower
(continued)
24
Applied Sciences
Architecture and Design
Biology
Business & Finance
Chemistry
Computer Science
Geography
Geology
Education
Engineering
English
Environmental science
Spanish
Government
History
Human Resource Management
Information Systems
Law
Literature
Mathematics
Nursing
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Reading
Science
Social Science
Liberty University
New Hampshire University
Strayer University
University Of Phoenix
Walden University
Home
Homework Answers
Blog
Archive
Tags
Reviews
Contact
twitterfacebook
Copyright © 2022 SweetStudy.comSWEETSTUDY.COM YOUR HOMEWORK ANSWERS
chat0
Home.Literature.
Help.
Log in / Sign up
Chapter 14 PowerPoint audio
profile
Triinity
Chapter14PowerPointaudio.pptx
Home>English homework help>Article writing homework help>Chapter 14 PowerPoint audio
Training for Sport
Chapter 14
1
Training for Sport: Introduction
Positive stress: training that causes improvements in exercise performance
Major training adaptations in 6 to 10 weeks
Depends on volume and intensity of training
Quantity training versus quality training
Rate of adaptation genetically limited
Too much versus just right varies
Too much training ? ? performance and ? injury
(continued)
2
Training for Sport: Introduction (continued)
Must balance volume and intensity
Must include rest
Correct balance enhances performance
Overtraining ? performance decrements
Chronic fatigue, illness
Overuse injury, overtraining syndrome
3
Optimizing Training: A Model
Must include progressive overload
Progressively ? stimulus as body continually adapts
Stimulates continuous improvements
Undertraining: insufficient stimulus
Adaptations not fully realized
Optimal performance not achieved
Acute overload: average training load
4
Overreaching
Systematic attempt in overstressing body for short period of training
Allows body to adapt to stronger stimulus
Not same as excessive training
Caution: easy to cross into overtraining
Short performance decrement followed by improved performance and function
5
Excessive Training
Volume and/or intensity to an extreme
For years, many athletes undertrained
As intensity/volume ?, so did performance
More is better is not true after a point
Example: swim training 3 to 4 h / day no better than 1 to 1.5 h / day
Can lead to ? strength, sprint performance
(continued)
6
Excessive Training (continued)
Training volume should be sport specific
Value of high-volume training questionable
In some sports, half the volume may maintain benefits and ? risk
Low intensity, high volume inappropriate for sprint-type performance
(continued)
7
Excessive Training (continued)
Intensity and volume inversely related
If volume ?, intensity should ?
If intensity ?, volume should ?
Different emphasis ? different fitness results
Applies to resistance, anaerobic, and aerobic training
? Intensity + ? volume ? negative effects
8
Periodization of Training
Traditional periodization programs divide into cycles that range from multi-year to micro-cycles that last a few days
Best for athletes who focus on one competition
Not optimal for team sports or sports that require skill development
Block periodization gaining popularity as it allows focus on a few skills/attributes, 3-4 blocks that last 2-4 weeks
9
Overtraining
Unexplained ? in performance, function for weeks, months, or years
Cannot be remedied by short-term ? training, rest
Putative psychological and physiological causes
Can occur with all forms of training: resistance, anaerobic, aerobic
Not all fatigue product of overtraining
10
Overtraining Syndrome
Highly individualized, subjective
Symptoms
? Strength, coordination, capacity
Fatigue
Change in appetite, weight loss
Sleep and mood disturbances
Lack of motivation, vigor, and/or concentration
Depression
(continued)
11
Overtraining Syndrome (continued)
Can be intensity or volume related
Psychological factors
Emotional pressure of competition ? stress
Parallels with clinical depression
Physiological factors
Autonomic, endocrine, and immune factors
Not a clear cause-and-effect relationship but significant parallels
12
Overtraining Syndrome: Sympathetic Nervous System
Increased BP
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Sleep and emotional disturbances
Increased basal metabolic rate
13
Overtraining Syndrome: Parasympathetic Nervous System
Early fatigue
Decreased resting HR
Decreased resting BP
Rapid heart rate recovery
More common with endurance athletes
14
Overtraining Syndrome: Predicting
Causes unknown, diagnostics difficult
Threshold different for each athlete
Most coaches and trainers use (unreliable) intuition
No preliminary warning symptoms
Coaches do not realize until too late
Recovery takes days/weeks/months of rest
Biological markers have limited effectiveness
15
Overtraining Syndrome
Treatment
Reduced intensity or rest (weeks, months)
Counseling to deal with stress
Prevention
Periodization training
Adequate caloric (especially carbohydrate) intake
16
Figure 14.1
17
Tapering for Peak Performance
Tapering = reduction in training volume/intensity
Prior to major competition (recovery, healing)
4 to 28 days (or longer)
Most appropriate for infrequent competition
Results in increased muscular strength
May be associated with contractile mechanisms
Muscles repair, glycogen reserves replenished
(continued)
18
Tapering for Peak Performance (continued)
Does not result in deconditioning
Considerable training to reach VO2max
Can reduce training by 60% and maintain VO2max
Leads to improved performance
3% improved race time
18 to 25% improved arm strength, power
Effects unknown on team sports, marathons
19
Detraining
Loss of training-induced adaptations
Can be partial or complete
Due to training reduction or cessation
Much more substantial change than tapering
Brief period = tapering
Longer period = detraining
(continued)
20
Detraining (continued)
Immobilization
Immediate loss of muscle mass, strength, power
Training cessation
Rate of strength and power loss varies
Causes
Atrophy (immobilization)
Reduced ability to recruit muscle fibers
Altered rates of protein synthesis versus degradation
Low-level exercise mitigates loss
(continued)
21
Detraining (continued)
Muscle endurance ? quickly
Change seen after 2 weeks of inactivity
Not clear whether the result of muscle or cardiovascular changes
Oxidative enzyme activity ? by 40 to 60%
(continued)
22
Detraining (continued)
Muscle glycogen stores ? by 40%
Significant acidbase imbalance; exercise test once weekly during detraining showed
Blood lactate accumulation ?
Bicarbonate ?
pH ?
(continued)
23
Detraining (continued)
Significant cardiorespiratory losses
Based on bed rest studies
Significant ? submaximal HR
25% ? submaximal stroke volume (due to ? plasma volume)
25% ? maximal cardiac output
27% ? VO2max
Trained athletes lose VO2max faster with detraining, regain it slower
(continued)
24
Applied Sciences
Architecture and Design
Biology
Business & Finance
Chemistry
Computer Science
Geography
Geology
Education
Engineering
English
Environmental science
Spanish
Government
History
Human Resource Management
Information Systems
Law
Literature
Mathematics
Nursing
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Reading
Science
Social Science
Liberty University
New Hampshire University
Strayer University
University Of Phoenix
Walden University
Home
Homework Answers
Blog
Archive
Tags
Reviews
Contact
twitterfacebook
Copyright © 2022 SweetStudy.com
Recent Comments