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COD Leader Behavior and Ethical Decision Essay

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

Essay Prompt:
Essay #2: In chapter #6 of your textbook The Leadership Experience, the author Richard Daft makes a point to focus on Moral and Ethical Leadership. Morals are principles that govern a person’s behavior or activities. In business we can say that ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong behavior in the workplace or in a professional setting (e.g., school, organization, group etc.). According to Daft, many ethical problems exist in today’s business environment because leaders face many pressures that challenge their ability to make the right decisions. Pressures to maximize profit, meet short-term department goals, to look successful to everyone around them, to please shareholders, etc. Even as a college student you may encounter ethical dilemmas in the course of your academic career. With the pressure to achieve and maintain a high-grade point average (GPA) students may feel the pressure to continue to perform at a high level whatever the cost may be. With that pressure and the ability for students to easily share information, students may be presented with the opportunity or the temptation to cheat on an exam or on their course work. As a student this may be an ethical or moral dilemma that you may find yourself facing at some point in your academic career. Whether in a business environment or academic setting, many of you will be faced with the realities of greed, dishonesty, self-interest, competition, and many more. However, when faced with these realities leaders can act based on moral values and choose to make the right decision. According to Daft, this is called leading with courage.
Writing assignment: As a business leader over the course of your career while trying to maximize profits and guide your organization with ethical decision making, you may find that certain behavioral traits will assist you with your success. Moral leadership doesn’t mean ignoring the realities of profit and loss or manufacturing cost and achieving department goals, but it does require recognizing that all of these goals can be accomplished by means of ethical leadership. Using Exhibit 6.1 on page 171, list 2-3 behavioral traits that ethical leaders should tot only have but demonstrate on a daily basis. The first part of your essay should describe low a leader’s behavioral traits can lead to success while exercising ethical decision making
n the business environment. The second part of your essay should focus on specific ways

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CCC Brevity and Technology in Communication Discussion

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

Conciseness is valued in U.S. business culture, as is the utilization of state-of-the-art technology. In what ways or under what types of circumstances can brevity and/or the use of the latest technology be detrimental to clarity in communication?

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GSU Perez POPS Proforma Cash Budget Exercise

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

Rubric Criteria:
Your current score:
Sheets are appropriately labeled
5 points
All information cells on cash proforma are referenced back to the
assumption page – Formulas and functions, calculations are correct, all
fields have values, twelve months are presented and an annual totals are
given as well as a monthly totals. Hard coded numbers even if correct will
result in zero points.
Assumptions and startup worksheets setup and complete.
40 points
10 points
Recommendation are based on cash proforma information and what if
analysis. Recommendation is typed in text box – minimum 4 sentences and
are based on cash proforma information and what if analysis – Alternative
scenarios must be shown as proformas with the changes.
15 points
The charts are present and reflect worksheet content.
10 points
Taxes are calculated correctly using boolean logic and appropriate
calculation.
10 points
Loan payment is calculated using a function..
10 points
Score (out of 100)
0
Revenue:
January February
March
April
May
Fruit Explosion POPS
Vanilla Vanilla POPS
Chocolate Mousse POPS
Mango Tangerine POPS
Strawberry Crème POPS
Pina Colada POPS
Strawberry Kiwi POPS
Orange Crème POPS
Chocolate Sea Salt POPS
Cookies & Crème POPS
12 Pack POPS
6 Pack POPS
Medium Frozen Ice
Large Frozen Ice
Soda
Bottled Water
Monthly Revenue
Expenses:
COGS
January
February
March
April
May
January
February
March
April
May
Rent
Phone
Electricity
Insurance
Advertising
Hourly Wages
Salaries
Loan Payment
Total Expenses
Income Before Tax
Tax
Net Income
Cash Flow
TPNI/Gross Margin
June
July
August
September
October
November
June
July
August
September
October
November
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
December
Total
December
Total
Formulas:
Products: (Retail Price) X Amount purchesed per Month
Assumptions Made:
Products: (Retail Price)
Fruit Explosion POPS
Vanilla Vanilla POPS
Chocolate Mousse POPS
Mango Tangerine POPS
Strawberry Crème POPS
Pina Colada POPS
Strawberry Kiwi POPS
Orange Crème POPS
Chocolate Sea Salt POPS
Cookies & Crème POPS
12 Pack POPS
6 Pack POPS
Medium Frozen Ice
Large Frozen Ice
Soda
Bottled Water
COGS
Fruit Explosion Pops COGS
Vanilla Vanilla Pops COGS
Chocolate Mousse Pops COGS
Mango Tangerine Pops COGS
Strawberry Crème Pops COGS
Pina Colada Pops COGS
Strawberry Kiwi Pops COGS
Orange Crème Pops COGS
Chocolate Sea Salt Pops COGS
Cookies & Crème Pops COGS
12 Pack Pops COGS
6 Pack Pops COGS
Medium Frozen Ice COGS
Large Frozen Ice COGS
Soda COGS
Bottled Water COGS
Fixed Costs:
Rent
Phone
Electricity
Insurance
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
4.85
3.85
4.35
4.35
3.75
4.85
4.35
3.75
4.35
3.25
32.00
15.00
3.75
4.25
1.95
1.25
January
$
0.90
$
0.40
$
0.95
$
0.70
$
0.70
$
0.90
$
0.80
$
0.50
$
0.95
$
0.70
$
7.20
$
4.20
$
0.95
$
1.10
$
0.90
$
0.08
TOTAL COGS
$
$
$
$
3,600
1,000
1,300
1,000
Advertising
Operating Information:
# of days open (weekdays)
# of days open (weekends)
Hours open (weekdays)
Hours open (weekends)
Hourly wage
Customers per hour weekdays
Customers per hour weekends
Hourly employees/day (weekdays)
Hourly employees/day (weekends)
$
Customers per Week/Month
Cust Week Day
Cust Weekend Day
Cust per Week
Cust per Month
4
2
8
12
$
12.50
18
30
1
2
Customers Buying Products
% of Customers Purchasing Fruit Explosion POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Vanilla Vanilla POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Chocolate Mousee POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Mango Tangerine POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Strawberry Crème POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Pina Colada POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Strawberry Kiwi POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Orange Crème POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Chocolate Sea Salt POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Cookies & Crème POPS
% of Customers Purchasing 12 Pack POPSPOPS
% of Customers Purchasing 6 Pack POPS
% of Customers Purchasing Medium Frozen Ice
% of Customers Purchasing Large Frozen Ice
% of Customers Purchasing Soda
% of Customers Purchasing Bottled Water
Manager Annual Salary
Assistant Manager Annual Salary
500
January
15%
30%
30%
15%
30%
15%
10%
15%
40%
35%
10%
10%
15%
12%
10%
10%
$
$
40,000
28,500
Growth rate
Weeks Per Month
2.43%
4.2
Loan period (years)
Loan interest rate
5
7.20%
Taxes:
If income before tax is equal or greater than:
If income before tax is less than:
Total Customers per month
January
$
$
125,000 Tax rate =
125,000 Tax rate =
Coded Document
February March
April
May
June
July
Customers per Week/Month
Cust Week Day
Cust Weekend Day
Cust per Week
Cust per Month
Formulas:
Cust per hour X hours open X Days open weekday
Cust per hour X hours open X Days open weekend day
Add them together
cust per week times weeks per month
Total Customers per month
February March
April
May
June
July
February March
April
May
June
July
22.00%
15.00%
August
September October
November December
Hourly Wages
Wages/Weekday
Wages/Weekend Day
Wages/Week
Wages/Month
Formulas:
Hourly Worker X Hourly WageX hours open X Days open weekend
Hourly Worker X Hourly WageX hours open X Days open weekday
Add them together
cust per week times weeks per month
August
September October
November December Formulas:
(Total Customers per month of
August
September October
November December Formulas:
Total Customers per month X %
Total Customers per month of Jan X Growth rate) + Total Customers per month of Jan
Start Up Costs:
Kitchen equipment
Cash Register and Sales equipment
Initial inventory
Pre-opening marketing
Store Setup (chairs, tables, decor etc.)
Security deposit
Initial insurance payment
Total
$ 12,250.00
$ 2,550.00
$ 5,000.00
$ 1,000.00
$ 3,500.00
$ 4,500.00
$ 1,500.00
$ 30,300.00
Owner’s Equity
Cash Reserves
Loan Amount
$ 18,000.00 Formulas:
Loan Amount – Owner’
$ 45,000.00
an Amount – Owner’s Equity
Perez POPS
Please read the instructions carefully.
A new client of yours, Katie Perez wants to open an ice cream shop near the downtown shopping
center.
She will beselling Frozen POPS, Frozen Ices, Frozen POPS Packs, Soda and Bottled
Water. Her grand opening will be January 1, 2024.
Katie needs help figuring out how her business will perform the first year in business. She has
hired you as an independent consultant, prepare a cash proforma budget for her business
venture. This is a spreadsheet that helps forecast income and expenses over a period of time).
It can be used to plan and manage the business if done correctly.
Assignment:
Using Microsoft Excel, construct a monthly proforma cash budget for your client for the first year of
operations.
Use the file attached Excel Template – “Perezpops.xls” as your starting point. Download and use
this file as the basis for your assignment. Do not make any changes to this pre-defined
template items (this means start with the items that already included and that are
expected in the spreadsheet). You may add your information to the existing sheets. You
may add extra worksheets as needed as well update the template.
Do not use a template from a previous semester – this is academic dishonesty and will be
subject to disciplinary action.
•
Do not remove the Grading Criteria Worksheet.
•
Place the finished cash pro forma on a worksheet labeled “Cash ProForma”.
•
Calculations and functions must be used to determine values as necessary (i.e.
payment, taxes, cogs, sales, etc.
•
Place all your case assumptions data on a separate worksheet. Label the
worksheet “Assumptions” (note: each piece of data must appear in its own cell on
the Assumption sheet).
•
Place your start-up costs on a third worksheet labeled “Startup Costs”
•
Create additional worksheets for your What if Scenario recommendation. Events
•
Appropriate Charts (graphs): You will be creating two separate charts so create and
label two additional worksheets for the charts (each chart will be in its own
worksheet).
1
•
Chart One –” Monthly Product Revenue” – this will show the monthly revenue for
each of your five products for the entire year. Charts should be on their own
worksheet.
•
Chart Two – “Total Product Net Income” – You want to track the total product net
income for the year to determine any trends or projections in product sales. Charts
should be on their own worksheet.
Make sure both charts are formatted correctly (i.e. appropriate title, legend where
appropriate, data series properly labeled) and they are appropriate for business
use.
Information needed to complete assignment:
•
Products: Specialty POPS, Frozen Ice, Soda and Bottle water.
Product Selling Prices:
POPS
Fruit Explosion $4.85
Vanilla Vanilla $3.85
Chocolate Mousse $4.35
Mango Tangerine Surprise $4.35
Strawberry Crème $3.75
Pina Colada $4.85
Strawberry Kiwi $4.35
Orange Crème $3.75
Chocolate sea salt $4.35
Cookies & Crème $3.25
Pop Packs
12pk $32.00
6pk $15.00
Frozen Ice
Medium $3.75
Large $4.25
Soda -$1.95 a bottle
Bottled Water – $1.25 a bottle
Cost of Goods Sold:
POPS
Fruit Explosion $0.90
VanillaVanilla $0.40
Chocolate Mousse $0.95
Mango Tangerine $0.70
Strawberry Crème $0.70
Pina Colada $0.90
Strawberry Kiwi $0.80
Orange Crème $0.50
1
Chocolate sea salt $0.95
Cookies & Crème $0.70
Pop Packs
12pk $7.20
6pk $ 4.20
Frozen Ice
Medium $ 0.95
Large $1.10
Sodas cost about $.90 per 16 oz. bottle
Water cost $.08 per 16 oz. bottle
Demand Rates:
% of customers purchasing Fruit Explosion
% of customers purchasing Vanilla Vanilla
% of customers purchasing Chocolate Mousse
% of customers purchasing Mango Tangerine Surprise
% of customers purchasing Strawberry Crème
% of customers purchasing Pina Colada
% of customers purchasing Strawberry Kiwi
% of customers purchasing Orange Crème
% of customers purchasing Chocolate sea salt
% of customers purchasing Cookies & Crème
15%
30%
30%
15%
30%
15%
10%
15%
40%
35%
% of customers purchasing Frozen Ice Medium
% of customers purchasing Frozen Ice Large
% of customers purchasing Pop 6pk
% of customers purchasing Pop 12pk
% of customers purchasing sodas
% of customer purchasing water
15%
12%
10%
10%
10%
10%
Operating Hours:
Weekdays (Monday – Thursday). Open 8 hours.
Weekends Friday, Saturday Open 12 hours.
Employees:
•
•
•
One hourly employee needed weekdays.
Two hourly employees needed weekends.
Hourly employees are paid $12.50 per hour.
•
Your client will be the manager and draw a salary of $40,000 per
year.
The assistant manager will receive a salary of $28,500 per year.
•
1
Product demand on average:
•
•
Weekdays the owner expects 18 customers per hour.
Friday – Saturday the owner expects an average of 30 customers per hour.
Start-up costs
Kitchen equipment: $12,250
Cash register and sales equipment: $2,550
Initial inventory: $5,000
Pre-opening marketing: $1,000
Store setup (chairs, tables, decor etc.): $3,500
Security deposit: $4,500
First Insurance Payment: $1,500 and then Insurance will be $1000 a month.
The building rent is 3600.00 per month.
Phone/Internet will cost about $1000 per month.
Electricity should cost about $1300 per month.
Advertising and promotion will be $500 a month.
Your client has $18,000 and plans to borrow $45,000 from the bank with a five-year loan at
7.2% interest. You are to calculate the monthly loan payment using the appropriate financial
function.
Assume a tax rate of 22% if Income Before Taxes (IBT) is equal to or is greater than
$125,000.
Assume a tax rate of 15% if Income Before Taxes (IBT) is less than $124,999.
You are to calculate the monthly tax payment using the appropriate boolean/logical function.
Assume that sales will grow at an average of 2.43% per month.
Assume that each month contains 4.2 weeks.
1
What If Scenario
Katie would really like to have a food truck to expand the business because there are lots of local outdoor
events where she could sell her products. There is a used food truck available, but it will require some
modifications to work for her business. Additionally, there will be extra expenses for operating it.
The following are the costs for this that have to be accounted for – some are ongoing monthly, and some are
one-time. She would like to pay for the used food truck over time like a car loan, but it will be at a different
interest rate and term than her existing loan. New Trucks cost between $50 and $100K so she was really
excited when she found an ad locally for the following used truck:
Georgia Food Truck For Sale: $33,000. -5.9 24 valve Cummins diesel engine, Automatic transmission -2000
Freightliner MT45 with 363,132 miles, needs new tires.
The good news? She was able to negotiate the price to $29,900 but will still have to buy tires. The truck can
be bought on a loan over 6 years at 7.15% interest.
To get it fully operational she will need the following: Tires $3600, Paint or Wrap to brand with Perez POPS $2500, Upgraded commercial freezer $3900, additional licensing for the food truck $145, Truck Insurance
$650 monthly separate from the business insurance.
To operate this part of the business, she will need to hire 2 additional workers that have commercial driver’s
licenses. She will have to pay these 2 people $15 per hour.
The plan is to attend events and sell Perez POPS. Events vary month to month. But, each event will involve
paying the workers for an 8 hour day which includes the setup time and working the event.
At events, Perez POPS will be selling an estimated 1000 pops per event. Below is the schedule of events
over the year and the approximate number of pops sold at each event.
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Number of Events
0
3
4
5
7
10
10
10
6
4
2
2
Approximate number of pops sold at each event:
Fruit Explosion
Vanilla Vanilla
Chocolate Mousse
Mango Tangerine Surprise
Strawberry Crème
Pina Colada
Strawberry Kiwi
Orange Crème
100
125
100
50
125
50
75
50
1
Chocolate sea salt
Cookies & Crème
175
150
In a new spreadsheet, using the existing Proforma – add on these additional needs to get the food truck
business started. Should Katie invest in this opportunity now? Why or why not. Add a textbox to the
spreadsheet for your recommendation/answers to these questions.
Recommendations:
Show your client how these recommendations would affect the bottom line by recreating the pro forma for
each scenario and applying the data analysis to determine profitability.
You do not have to start from scratch, but note, these are completely independent pro formas. They must
update accordingly from the data worksheets.
Plan on showing your analysis and discussing the proforma changes that occur under each new scenario
and how it affects profitability.
Use a formatted text box (not a comment) to explain your recommendations under each new pro forma. This
will be approximately a 2-3 paragraph endeavor.
Reminder:
Submit the completed Project in an Excel file to the D2L assignment Dropbox. Name the file
YourlastnameExcel.xlsx – Remember (Google Sheets, Numbers, Links, PDFs are all unacceptable – must be
an Excel File).
1

Purchase answer to see full
attachment

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BUS 322 HU Identify Five Ways to Manage Workplace Stress Paper

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323393909
Managing Stress at Workplace
Article in Journal of Management Research and Analysis · January 2017
DOI: 10.18231/2394-2770.2016.0001
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Ashok Panigrahi
Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
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Review Article
DOI: 10.18231/2394-2770.2016.0001
Managing stress at workplace
Ashok Panigrahi
Associate Professor, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, NMIMS University, Shirpur
Email: panigrahi.ak@gmail.com
Abstract
Stress is generally indicated as a deviation from normal functioning of body and mind. Stress can approach in an
organization due to many reasons such as control over work, managerial style of manager etc. Stress in limited quantity is
beneficial to organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as well as goals of organization. But stress in excess
quantity can cause harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. Stress can be measured by using
psychological methods involving use of questionnaires. Physical measurement involve measuring of various physical constants
of body such as blood pressure. Physiological measures include measurements of various hormonal levels etc. And the measures
to relieve this stress include sports, music, dancing, hobbies etc. Excessive stress can be reduced by help of professional
counsellors. But the stress at workplace is an important issue must be dealt with to achieve progress. Day by day challenges for
human is increasing in many different fields as if progress in turn creates new problems. Slowly the nature of working has been
changed and still these changes are in progress. Because of these changes, number of illnesses has been increased, morality and
human aspects are faded and new problems are occurred every day, so that we are facing job stress which called “illness of the
century”. As a measure to minimize stress, delegating some work, share burden with colleagues, leave and time off work with
family and love ones, as well as reducing work overtime ranked highest as strategies for stress management. Findings of a
number of studies on this aspect says that stress has a great impact on the professionals and thereby affects the level of
productivity. Thus it is recommended that professionals should exhibit self-control and good self-esteem; engage in continuous
professional development on skills for better organization, integration of work within specified project constraints and delegation
of assignment, authority and breaking work into manageable parts so as to be able to cope with stress.
Keywords: Stress, Stress management, Causes, Measures, Effects.
Introduction
In our everyday lives we get to hear the word
‘stress’ from our peers, colleagues, teachers and
doctors. Even the word ‘stress’ can be heard now a days
in the news, in the magazines and on other social media
too. But exactly what is stress?? In the layman’s
language stress is’ frustration or anxiety or nervousness
or change in regular function of mind or body due to
negative or positive influences around us’. So the
definitions of stress by different experts are as followsArnod (1960) thinks that “Stress is any condition that
disturbs normal functioning”.
Selye (1974) defines stress as “Stress is a non-specific
response of the body to any demand”.
According to Beehr & Newman (1978) “Stress is a
condition arising from the interaction of people and
their jobs and characterized by changes within people
that force them to deviate from their normal
functioning”.
A recent report by the National Association of
Mental Health distinguishes stress from pressure, where
pressure can be defined as a subjective feeling of
tension or arousal that is triggered by a potentially
stressful situation. But, where pressure exceeds an
individual’s ability to cope, the result is stress.
Most stressful jobs
Sr. No.
Job
1
Fire-fighter
2
Military personnel
3
Military general
4
Airplane pilot
5
Police officer
6
Actor
7
Broadcaster
8
Event coordinator
9
Photojournalist
10
Newspaper reporter
Stress score
71.59
70.78
63.11
60.46
50.82
50.33
50.30
49.33
49.22
48.76
Types of stress
Based on its impact on body mind and
performance, stress can be categorized into two types1. Eu-stress- Eu-stress is just a reasonable amount of
stress that an individual can take. This stress has
positive after effects. Eu-stress can create passion
for work. It may be able to provoke hidden abilities
and talents. It inspires humans to take on new
activities. Such well quantified stress can lead to
success.
2. Distress- Distress is an excessive quantity of
stress. This amount of stress is harmful to the
individual. Distress can cause negative effects on
body and mind of individual. Such stress causes
effects as depression, heart attack etc.
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
154
Ashok Panigrahi
Managing stress at workplace
Source: Towers Watson’s 2013/14 Staying@Work survey
Causes of stress at workplace
Causes of stress can be divided into two categories
based upon the source of the cause. Two major
classifications areInternal causes- These causes involve an individual’s
mind-set, way of thinking etc. These causes are
originated from within the individual and lead to stress.
These internal causes are based on perception of an
individual. Even if no threat exists in the surrounding a
person may feel a person or a situation threatening and
may get stressed.
External causes- These causes include many external
factors within an organization which affect an
individual’s performance in organization which are1. Job insecurity- When an employee works in an
organization, fear of losing his/her job leads to
chronic stress which causes reduced work quality.
2. Working hours- Very odd working hours may
lead to many physiological problems in employees
which may lead to stress during work.
3. Control at work- This refers to extent of control
an employee has over his/her work. If employee
has no or very little control over the work then
he/she loses interest in the work and feels stressed
to meet expectations of superiors.
4. Managerial style- The controlling style of
managers effects stress of the employees.
Managers with autocratic style of control give very
little freedom to the employees in decision making
5.
6.
and planning. So, employees working under such
managers are stressed due to very less control over
their work and very high restrictions.
Over load & under load- Overload of work
means performing a large amount of work in a very
short time. Such heightened expectations from any
individual may lead to stress. Elsewhere under load
is very short amount of work to do and time
available is too much. Here employee questions
his/her capacity and feels stressed.
Sometimes situations requesting behavioural
changes may put an employee under stress due to
need of behaving in a way which is not natural for
the employee.
Top causes of work-related stress: When quizzed on
sources of stress, Indian employees rank unclear or
conflicting job expectations (40%), inadequate staffing
(lack of support, uneven workload or performance in
group) (38%) and lack of work/life balance (38%) as
the top three reasons according to Towers Watson’s
Global Benefit Attitudes Survey that polled 22,347
global workers out of which 7,094 workers are in Asia
Pacific (2006 workers are based in India).
In Asia Pacific, the top contributors were
inadequate staffing, low pay (or low increase in pay)
and lack of work/life balance. Globally, inadequate
staffing is common as the single most important
contributor to work-related stress.
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
155
Ashok Panigrahi
Managing stress at workplace
Top causes of work-related stress for employees
India
Asia
Pacific
29%
41%
United
States
36%
52%
Unclear or conflicting job expectations
40%
Inadequate staffing (lack of support, 38%
uneven workload or performance in
group)
Lack of work/life balance (excessive 38%
32%
24%
workloads and/or long hours)
Organizational culture, including lack of 32%
31%
33%
teamwork,
tendency
to
avoid
accountability and assign blame to others
Low pay (or low increases in pay)
29%
37%
38%
Technologies that expand availability 27%
16%
8%
during nonworking hours (e.g., mobiles,
notebooks)
Lack of supervisor support, feedback and 26%
23%
23%
not living up to their word
Lack of technology, equipment and tools 18%
18%
13%
to do the job
Fears about job loss, too much change
16%
16%
20%
Fears about benefit reduction/loss (e.g., 12%
16%
11%
lower value or loss of health care
coverage, reduction in retirement
benefits)
Source: Towers Watson’s 2013/14 Staying@Work survey
How to measure stress?
There are many methods to measure stress.
Measuring stress is quantifying the response by the
body responds to a stressful situation. These indicators
for stress involve measurement of an array of properties
of body which are changed during stress.
1. Psychological
measurementsThese
measurements measure stress based upon
psychological observations. Each person has a
different psychology and way of reacting towards
any stressor. Hence to gather those responses in
stress many questionnaires were prepared which
contain questions which measure response to
stress.
2. Physiological measurements- When someone
comes across any situation which induces stress,
the HPA axis of the person is activated which
contains Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal glands
of endocrine system. On stimulation, these glands
produce their hormones i.e. Cortisol and
catecholamines. Elevated levels of those hormones
are found in blood, urine and plasma of the person
undergoing through stress.
3.
EMEA
33%
49%
28%
31%
28%
9%
22%
15%
22%
7%
Autonomic measures- These include changes in
various constants of body and concentration of
various enzymes.
 Blood pressure- When a person is undergoing
through stress, blood pressure is elevated from
its normal 120/80 values.
 Vagal tone- Vagal tone is a parasympathetic
response which leads to prevention of reducing
heart rate during sleep or rest. Which means that
during sleep, the person’s heart beats with the
same force as it beats when he is awake.

Salivary alpha amylase- This enzyme in saliva
is major indication for stress. The levels of this
enzyme are elevated during exercise. And the
link between level of catecholamines and
salivary alpha amylase is proven. Also this
enzyme can be used to measure action of
parasympathetic nervous system.
 Salivary Cortisol- Salivary Cortisol represents
amount of Cortisol not bound with any receptor.
This concentration can pass through blood brain
barrier and alter high order cognitive functions
such as learning, memory, emotional processing.
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
156
Ashok Panigrahi
Managing stress at workplace
Performance curve of employees
Explanation of performance curve: When pressure on
an employee to perform a task is low then employee
gets bored due to lack of enough motivation due to
pressure from superiors. At optimum pressure,
employee is highly motivated to do his work and shows
best performance. But when levels of stress exceed the
optimum level, employee is unable to cope up with
such a high stress and employee faces various disorders
like anxiety. Hence according to above curve, in an
organization, optimum pressure must be put on
employees so that they give their best performance.
Effects of stress
Humans are most intelligent animals on earth. But
still they fall prey to stress created by their own
organizations and companies. This situation is equally
dangerous for companies because excessive stress in
employees cause employee turnover. Highly stressed
employees choose to remain absent to avoid stressful
environment in organization. Employees who are
highly stressed lack motivation.
When body encounters any threatening or stressful
situation, body shows three distinct phases to combat
the stress1. Alarming stage- Here body prepares to execute
fight/flight action. Here blood pressure increases,
blood vessels are dilated, process of digestion
slows down, and breathing is faster and deeper.
Body stores energy for upcoming response.
2. Resistance- Here the stimulus of threat persists.
The body adjusts towards the stimulus and tries to
reduce the effects of stress. Body uses its capability
of adaption as a shield to fight against the threat.
Body becomes habituated towards the stimulus of
stress and is able to tolerate it.
3. Exhaustion stage- In this stage, the body cannot
cope up further with stressing stimulus. The
adaptation power of body decreases and body is
susceptible to symptoms of stress.
Physical consequences: Stress can manifest itself into
various physical observations in the form of altered
functioning of system. Altered functioning of
cardiovascular system causes high blood pressure.
Stress on muscoskeletal system causes headaches and
tension. Stress causes change in motility of GIT hence
causing constipation or diarrhoea. Stress may affect
CNS of employees to cause light headedness, fainting
or dizziness. It also causes sudden ringing in ears.
Stressors can increase sweating and cause clammy
souls and palms. Even the respiratory system is affected
by stress causing difficulties in breathing and sighing.
Stress also affects our immune system which makes us
susceptible for infections such as common cold etc.
Unexplained and/or frequent allergy attacks are
common in stressful condition due to sensitized body.
Stuttering or stammering while talking is commonly
seen in stressed individuals. Belching or flatulence is
seen. Grinding and gritting teeth are present in stressed
individuals.
Psychological problems: Constant stress causes altered
psychology of individual. A chronic stress may present
itself into varieties of observations. Stress causes
decreased confidence of an individual hence it creates
nervousness. Stress causes excessive anxiety where
person always worries over minute things. Stressed
person always shows guiltiness due to his reduced work
capacity. Stress causes insomnia. Stress gives a person
his worst nightmares. Stress makes a person devoid of
sleep. Stress causes occurrence of disturbing dreams.
Stress causes disturbed concentration. Stress causes
racing thoughts through the mind. Stress increases
forgetfulness. Stress makes you more emotional. Stress
causes fear and anxiety. Stress for a long time causes
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
157
Ashok Panigrahi
depression. Capacity to take decision is hampered.
Stressed people are susceptible to dementia and
Alzheimer more than healthy individuals.
Behavioural problems: Stress causes induced
behavioural changes which can be directly seen into
stressed individuals. Stress causes short temperedness
of an individual. Stress causes frustration in stressed
individuals. Such frustrated individuals become more
hostile due to feeling of depression. Stressed
Managing stress at workplace
individuals seem to be more forgetful in remembering
small details. People suffering through stress are
disorganized. These people are more confusing in
taking even a small decision. Stressed people cannot
learn new things very easily. Stressed people often feel
lonelier than other people. They often show feeling of
worthlessness. These people show suicidal tendencies.
People undergoing stress are more confused. Stressed
people show more possibility of obsessive/compulsive
behaviour.
How can you combat stress?
There are many effective ways which help an individual to combat stress and live a happy and healthy life.
These methods include• Get more sleep- which provides proper rest to body and helps combat the effect of stress.
• Enter in physical activities- physical activities boost the mind and body and help to regain the confidence
which is lost due to stress.
• Relaxation techniques- such as arts, dance, music help people to get more creative and relieves the stress.
• Talking to a close one- talking to a close one helps to relieve stress and provides comfort.
• Time management- allows efficient usage of time. And which helps persons to organize his/her activities. And
which helps to maintain daily course of activities and it reduces stress.
• Say ‘NO’ to additional unimportant request- taking additional, unimportant requests which are not necessary,
increases the workload and causes additional stress.
• Take adequate rest if you are ill- taking adequate rest helps people recover from the symbols of stress and
helps to improve the mood.
• Avoid habits such as smoking, alcohol etc. – these products cause dependence and further induce stress by need
of continuous consumption of these products.
• Facing the cause- facing the cause of stress is one of the major solutions to reduce the stress. When you face
the stressor, the reason of stress is no more and the person is free from stress.
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
158
Ashok Panigrahi
Organisational Measures to Combat Stress
The following measures can be taken by organisations
to combat stress:
A. Reducing Long working hours: Organisations
should see that long working hours of employees
should be reduced and proper time management
techniques are taught to them.
B. Teaching Employees to do Work-Life balance:
Required trainings should be given to employees to
maintain the work-life balance.
C. Use of Technology: The organizations should use
the available technology and provide specialized
training courses on any topic required for work
advancement.
D. Communication – The organizations should
encourage communication and always asks for
feedback, where the HR manager should always
directly accessible to any employee to listen to.
The organization always try to follow up with all
corporate and business news, in addition to new
Managing stress at workplace
studies published regarding work stress, how to
spot it and solve it.
E. Security Fears – The Organizations should take
efforts in making employees and people feel safe
by applying laws for security checks, checking
identities of visitors to the firm and not allowing
unauthorized people to enter.
F. Introduction of Retirement Plans – Applying
Social Security system and pension funds, which is
a great insurance and relief for employees in order
not to worry about their retirement any more.
G. Job stability and fear of downsizing – The
Economic Crisis is very complex. Unfortunately,
layoffs and downsizing are forced on many
organizations, and there is nothing that
management can do internally to stop this issue.
H. Workplace Diversity -The firms should hire all
kinds of experiences from all ages, genders, and
from all levels of educations.
Top 10 steps taken by employers to manage stress
India Asia Pacific United States
Flexible working options
50%
40%
51%
Stress mgmt interventions 43%
38%
39%
(e.g., workshops, yoga, tai
chi)
Education and awareness 41%
41%
40%
campaigns
Promotion
of
employee 40%
24%
85%
assistance program (EAP)
Specialised
training
for 30%
26%
23%
employees
Training for managers
23%
24%
34%
External resources used to 16%
12%
23%
design and deliver program(s)
Expanding EAP and other 15%
10%
46%
services to dependents
Anti-stress space
12%
10%
10%
Written guidelines on stress
10%
9%
7%
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
EMEA
50%
16%
26%
29%
39%
41%
18%
25%
4%
9%
159
Ashok Panigrahi
Conclusion
Now we can conclude that stress is an important
factor for the employees in any organization. Stress
within a specific limit helps to achieve necessary
objectives. But if stress exceeds any particular limit
then it shows its harmful effects on the body, mind and
behaviour. Now the ways to cope with the stress
include adequate sleep, sports, talking to a close one,
relaxation habits and quitting of addictive products.
These all must be used to get relief from stress.
Workplace stress plays a significant role in
physiological and psychological well-being of
employees. It also affects the productivity and
performance of organisations. The various results of
workplace stress like physical problems, mental
disturbances,
emotional
imbalance,
lifestyle
disturbances and behavioural problems lead to disturb
the climate of the organisation. These issues create
interpersonal conflicts, decreased productivity, low
organisational commitment, increased absenteeism and
more attrition etc. By facilitating the employees with
effective training, the management can provide them
with platform to solve their stress related problems.
Yoga, meditation, exercise and recreational activities
can provide better environment to control stress. Even
time management skills help to manage stress in an
effective manner. These simple but useful steps can
pave the path for improved efficiency of employees and
increased productivity of organisation.
Managing stress at workplace
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Arnold, H.J. (1960). Moderator Variable: A classification
of conceptual, analytic and psychometric issues;
Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, 29,
pp 143–174.
Selye H (1956). The stress of life, Mc Graw Hill, New
York. Sparks Kate, Faragher Brian and Cooper Cary L.
(2001), Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology,74,489–509, the British Psychological
Society
Beehr, T.A. and NewMan, S.E (1978). Job Stress,
employee health and organizational effectiveness: Facet
analysis, Personnel Psychology, winter, pp 665–669.
http://www.careercast.com/slide/most-stressful-jobs2015.
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal &
Coping . Springer, Newyork.
Greenberg, J.S. (1993). Comprehensive Stress
Management (4th Eds.). Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown
Publishers.
Cartwright Susan, Cooper Cary L. (1997), Managing
workplace stress, Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage
Publications, c1997 185 p.
Katz, D., and Kahn, R. L. 1978. The Social Psychology
of Organizations, 2e, New York: Wiley.
French, W. L.., Kast, F. E., and Rosenzweig, J. E. 1985.
Understanding Human Behavior in Organizations. New
York: Harper & Row.
How to measure stress in humans, centre for studies on
human stress, Fernand-Seguin research centre of LouisH.Lafontaine hospital, Quebec, Canada.
Sadhvi Pandey, A Study on Work Stress, Causes,
Symptoms and Impact on Health.
http://www.mollysfund.org/2013/08/lupuschronic-illnessthe-mindbody-connection/.
Yara Hamdan, Work Stress and its Management: A
Practical Case Study, page-34 to 36.
Pattnaik, L & Mishra, A, “Effect Of Workplace Stress: A
Study In Indian Context”.
Journal of Management Research and Analysis, October-December,2016;3(4):154-160
View publication stats
160
Topic: Identify five ways to manage workplace stress.
Introduction:
A. Importance of managing stress.
a. Managing workplace stress can make a substantial difference
in the lives of workers across all industries.
b. “It can improve morale and lead to increased productivity and
better focus, fewer workplace injuries, fewer sick days, and
improved physical health (e.g., lower blood pressure, stronger
immune system). All these factors can also lead to reduced
turnover among an employer’s workforce.” – osha
B. Understanding and managing stress requires that you directly engage
your body, emotions, behavior, and mind.
C. Achieving a lower stress level can be possible by implementing at
least five easy stress management strategies.
Body 1: Body
A. Get more sleep.
B. Physical activity
C. Avoid habits.
a. Smoking, alcohol, etc.
Body 2: Emotions/Behavior
A. Relaxation techniques
a. Music, arts, dance
B. Face the cause
Body 3: Mind
A. Talking to a close one.
a. There are times when those who are closest to you can be a
listening ear to help navigate a stressful time. It could be a
coworker or mentor who may have been in a similar situation.
There may also be a pastor or friend who can provide a comforting
word. We as a community have a very unique way of supporting
each other and it can start just be talking and feeling heard.
B. Mental Health Resources
a. Employer Sponsored
i. A 2021 survey completed by the American Psychological
Association found that 85% reported that resources put in
place by employers helped with managing mental health. –
osha.gov
b. Health insurance
C. Create a self-care regimen.
Conclusion
A. Using these tips to manage stress is effective.
B. The importance of work life balance
Links to resources
https://www.osha.gov/workplace-stress/employerguidance#:~:text=It%20can%20improve%20morale%20and,turnover%20among%20an%20empl
oyer%27s%20workforce.

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GSU Enhancing Comprehension Via Writing And Steppingstones Questions

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

Chapter 10 Reading and Writing in the Content Areas and Study Skills
Chapter discusses the special demands made by content area texts and introduces a variety of strategies for learning to read from content text, including writing to learn. In addition, chapter 10 discusses the basic principles of studying and retention and explores key test-taking strategies. Conscious use of study strategies is emphasized by teaching students when and where as well as how to use them. read the text carefully to find out about techniques you might use to help your students better understand and remember content area material.
As a result of reading this chapter, students will learn and be able to:
Identify the major comprehension difficulties posed by content-area reading and teach strategies to overcome those difficulties.
Make effective, differentiated use of content-area texts and related materials.
Teach writing as a means of fostering learning and promoting deeper understanding of content.

Teach content-area literacy to English language learners (ELs).
Build effective study skills.
Application:
After reading the chapter, discuss the following questions
What are ways in which writing can be used to promote comprehension of content-area material?

What is the steppingstone approach? Do you find it a useful tool to use? Explain yes or no based on your stance.
not specified

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SPCH 1315 CC Why School Should Start Later for Teens Essay

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

Topic: Communication Event. You have your choice between two persuasive speeches.
The first speech is about starting school later in the day and can be found by clicking HERELinks to an external site..

After watching one of these speeches, you will write an essay applying Aristotle’s Proofs to the content and delivery of the speech.
Your essay should have a brief introduction paragraph.
Then, your essay should have three sections: ethos, pathos, and logos. Your job is to analyze the speech for speaker credibility, use of emotion, and use of reason.
For the sections on pathos and logos, there are basically two choices to write about:
The speech contains pathos (separate section for logos.) Here are examples of the pathos (logos) used. Here is how we know it is pathos (logos). An evaluation about the pathos (logos) being effective or not and why.
The speech does not contain pathos (separate section for logos.) Does the lack of pathos (logos) hurt the speech or help it? Why would the speaker make a choice not to include pathos (logos)?
***You will not be able to include every instance of logos and pathos in your essay. Be discerning! Be choosy!
For the section on ethos, there are basically two things to write about:
Evidence of the speaker’s character, competence, and/or goodwill. Writing specifically about initial, derived and terminal credibility would go here too. Does the speaker have positive ethos in these areas or negative? How do you know?
Lack of evidence of the speaker’s character, competence, and/or goodwill. Writing specifically about where there should have been initial, derived and terminal credibility would go here too. What could the speaker say or do that would give them positive ethos in these areas? Explain.
***It is possible for a combination of the two: positive competence, negative character…
Your essay should have a brief concluding paragraph. In it, give your overall impression and evaluation of the speaker and the speech. Make sure your evaluation is connected to your analysis (in other words, don’t write “no logos, no pathos, bad ethos, but a great speech.”)
not specified

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HHS Perception and Attention in Sports Discussion

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

Our topic this week is attention and perception, which involves the sensations that we focus on and take in from our five senses. Make sure that your main post relates to this topic.
Be sure too that you are presenting something that you learned for the week. Note that it is not sufficient to discuss your thoughts and experiences in your main post without relating it to what you learn. It is all about your learning! ? (This means that you should be citing a source or sources in your main post). Then, you can link it to your thoughts and experiences ? Please make sure to cite your sources. Any time you put something in writing from a source, it requires both intext citing and a full reference.
Challenge yourself to earn extra points through one of these accolades:
super scholarship (including and citing scholarly articles)
distinguished post
distinguished reply
good insight
cool idea

good application
One small example of an attention and perception question is: How do colors and images impact what we choose to focus on, and how do we retain information about what we see?
CLASSMATE 1-For this week’s discussion, I found a video that Hank with Crash Course made basically explaining the difference between sensation and perception. Hank explains how a neurologist named Oliver Sacks had a rare neurological disorder that made him unable to recognize faces including his own. The video explains that Perception is the way that our brains organize, interpret, and identify information, whereas sensation involves one or all of the five senses being activated. The reason that Oliver Sacks’ neurological disorder is interesting, however, is that the cause is not due to sensation despite the fact he is using one of his five senses in order to see the faces of others and himself, but instead, it is perception. Oliver Sacks had no issues in seeing other items as they were in the natural environment, only faces, making this disorder an issue with his ability to interpret and store the information his brain gathers when viewing faces.]
CLASSMATE 2—In the Disney movie Finding Nemo Dori a regal blue tang fish suffers from short-term memory. In the movie, Dori tries to help Nemo’s dad Marlin search for Nemo. Marlin finds it difficult to work with Dori because she often forgets what she is doing and where she is going. Dori is aware that she has a disability and explains it to Marlin. Despite her disability, she doesn’t let that stop her from helping Marlin find Nemo.
not specified

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HLSS 322 AMU Homegrown Violent Extremism and US Civil Liberties Discussion

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

How should the United States government deal with the heightened concern about homegrown violent extremism and the growing concern for the preservation of civil liberties within the nation? What are some of the political and constitutional consequences of counter-terrorism that US forces (military or law enforcement) conduct within the United States and its territories? Lastly, how do we assess the tradeoffs between freedom and security in the United States?

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COM 300 HU Workplace Communication Clash Discussion

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

not specified

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ABC Manufacturing Meeting Minutes Transcript

SmithJ — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 11:52:52 +0000

TRANSCRIPT: APPLICATION 4-1 MINUTES
View the YouTube video Simulated Meeting for Minute Taking Practice by furryfeettv. Here’s the
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAr_t2OsEdc. Based on the contents of that meeting,
generate minutes using your textbook as a source for formatting.
Narrator: You are about to see a meeting taking place at ABC Manufacturing. Carol Fletcher
and her team are gathering for their fort nightly meeting. The agenda contains seven items
including any other business. Take a minute now to gather pens and paper and position yourself
to take the roll of minute-taker before the meeting starts.
Carol: Welcome to our department meeting and nice to see you all.
Everyone: Morning.
Carol: Now we have a new team member, Trudy Finch our new HR manager. So, I’d like to
start with some introductions. As you are aware I am the senior team manager, Carol Fletcher.
Peter…
Peter: Hi. I’m Peter Morgan, finance manager with a team of five reporting to me.
Frank: And I am, we haven’t met yet, I’m Frank Mayfair, IT manager. I’ve been here for the
last ten years.
Trudy: Okay.
Mike: Hi Trudy. I’m Mike Reynard; we spoke on the phone last week. I’m in charge of the
production floor.
TRANSITION
Peter: And we came in only 15 percent cheaper.
Frank: That is a significant amount.
Carol: Okay Peter. I’ll go ahead and purchase on the proviso that the quality and guaranty are
just as good.
Item 1: Performance Against Targets
Carol: Okay! Mike, could you update us on the production figures for last quarter please.
Mike: Absolutely. Figures are up on the previous quarter by 2 percent on product streams 1 and
2 and down by […] 5 percent on product stream 3. We believe this is due to a recent sales
campaign which focused on the higher margin items in product streams 1 and 2, which is a little
short-sited, as reorder rates are in stream 3 products are quicker, so we tend to sell more
products.
Item 2: Team Member Recruitment Program
TRANSCRIPT: APPLICATION 4-1 MINUTES
PAGE 2
Carol: Moving on to the next agenda item. Trudy could you summarizes the recent recruitment
program.
Trudy: Absolutely! Basically the full figures are in the HR report on the internet, so I’ll just
give a brief statement.
Frank: Okay.
Trudy: We recruited ten new people from January to April, and nine have successfully
completed their probation. So, just one woman, Sugarose, she left after three weeks; her
husband had to relocate for work. So, overall it was a success. Interestingly, our successful
recruits came from the radio ad rather than our traditional advertising route; therefore, I would
suggest that we review our advertising methods.
TRANSITION
Mike: …a black and yellow safety tape at the top and bottom of the stairs to warn people as a
visual sign. Now unfortunately, whoever put the tape down didn’t do a particularly good job.
They left a lip; somebody tripped over it and caused themselves an injury. So, we need to be
aware of that sort of thing.
Carol: Okay. Were there any other areas?
TRANSITION
Frank: …Alpha System. We’re now just about to approach the implementation phase, so I’d
appreciate your input on two options for rollout actually and how to best roll out the training
program onsite.
Carol: I’m in favor of a phased rollout, so we can check for faults while keeping the level of
service high.
Frank: Okay.
Trudy: Actually I disagree. See I think for a culture change do a swift implementation and just
force people into the new system. The longer that we dally, then the more resistance people can
have.
Mike: We need to consider the impact on shifts before we implement anything.
Peter: Well, let’s not be too hasty. We need to get this right the first time. By phasing, we can
sell its success to the department as we go.
TRANSITION
TRANSCRIPT: APPLICATION 4-1 MINUTES
PAGE 3
Trudy: …to deliver the training? I mean, we don’t want to risk leaving the training until the
new system’s installed.
Frank: We’ve thought of that. We’ve got a dummy testing system that is coming next week, so
we can actually start to train within our individual teams next Wednesday.
Peter: Who is doing the training, and what is the cost?
Frank: I think that’s over to HR, isn’t it? You’re doing the training?
Trudy: No, no, no. We don’t have the results. You’ll need to recruit and train people from
within the business. We’re happy to develop a training calendar, and we’ll communicate that out
to managers.
Mike: It’s an excellent opportunity to get some system champions in place and give people the
opportunity to develop their skills.
Peter: We need to make sure they’re competent to train in the system. We can’t afford for
people to be poorly trained once it’s live.
Trudy: From the pilot we can develop a training day and train the trainers, and we’ll give them
ongoing support. Now don’t forget, we’ve agreed to be the trial department, so we can either…
TRANSITION
Mike: Someone on my team had a good idea: Why don’t we allow people twenty minutes per
day during their lunch break and then have clear penalties for people found using the net outside
of that time?
Peter: How would we monitor that?
Trudy: I just say we need to make sure that people are motivated and if it’s too harsh a penalty
then people are just going to maybe misuse the system even more.
Carol: Well, okay. What other ideas have we got?
Peter: We could put a stop it all together and only allow people access to our own intranet
system.
Trudy: See, now you see that’s all very well but we need to keep people motivated and some
people use the internet for work.
Mike: If all we do is take away from them, they’ll be ruptures on the shop floor. We don’t want
to be perceived as just taking away all of their planning.
TRANSITION
TRANSCRIPT: APPLICATION 4-1 MINUTES
PAGE 4
Peter: If they’re planning to be involved in an actual cycle ride, I’m happy to take that roll
along – fly the flag!
Carol: We could. Thanks Peter. Okay, are there any further items to cover in any other
business?
Everyone: No. Not from me.
Carol: Okay. On that note, let’s summarize the actions and close the meeting. Our next
meeting is in two weeks’ time, eighteenth of October, same time and place.
Everyone: Great!

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